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Tom Rapoport
Tom Abraham Rapoport (17 June 1947)〔 is a German-American cell biologist who studies protein transport in cells. He was raised in East Germany, where he was a member of the East German Communist Party and eventually became a professor in the communist-dominated university system. After the liberation from communism, he lost his job at the former East German Academy of Sciences when the institution was dissolved due to its tainted history. Because he found no new employment due to his role in the communist regime, he emigrated to the United States in 1995.
==Biography==
Rapoport was born in Cincinnati in 1947. His parents, Samuel Mitja Rapoport and Ingeborg Rapoport, had fled the Nazis, and when he was three years old they fled the United States in 1950 due to being investigated for un-American activities. After a brief stay in Vienna, they finally settled in East Germany in 1952, where his parents, avowed communists and anti-Zionists, were members of the East German Communist Party. His brother is mathematician Michael Rapoport. He received his PhD on mathematical modeling of the kinetics of inorganic pyrophosphatase in 1972 from Humboldt University. He worked in the lab of Peter Heitmann, and his father, Samuel Mitja Rapoport, was head of the Institute of Physiological Chemistry.〔 At Humboldt he collaborated with Reinhart Heinrich on the mathematical modeling of glycolysis in red blood cells, leading to the establishment of metabolic control theory on which they submitted a joint 'habilitation' thesis. At the same time he worked with Sinaida Rosenthal, a former student of his father, on cloning the insulin gene from carp.〔
In 1979 he moved to the Zentralinstitut für Molekularbiologie der Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR, later called the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, where he became a professor in 1985. After the fall of communism and reunification of Germany, all university employees in former East Germany had to reapply for their positions, due to the political nature of their appointment and systematic exclusion of non-communists from academic positions in East Germany. Rapoport said he was turned down for professorships for "political reasons" due to his membership in the East German Communist Party;〔 ''New Scientist'' reported that it was his membership of the Communist Party in East Germany that led some members of the board of trustees of the MDC to oppose him being given a professorship. He emigrated to the United States, the country his parents fled from in 1950, in 1995. He has been a professor at the Harvard Medical School since 1995, and an HHMI investigator since 1997.
He studies several aspects of cellular secretion, including the mechanisms by which newly synthesized proteins are translocated from the cytosol to the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum by the Sec61 complex (also known as the translocon), how misfolded secretory proteins are degraded by endoplasmic reticulum associated protein degradation (also known as ERAD), and how reticulons and related proteins regulate the morphology of the endoplasmic reticulum.
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